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- <text id=91TT2820>
- <title>
- Dec. 23, 1991: Yeltsin's Key Partners
- </title>
- <history>
- TIME--The Weekly Newsmagazine--1991
- Dec. 23, 1991 Gorbachev:A Man Without A Country
- </history>
- <article>
- <source>Time Magazine</source>
- <hdr>
- WORLD, Page 22
- COVER STORIES
- Yeltsin's Key Partners
- </hdr><body>
- <p> As Ukraine's top ideological watchdog in the 1980s, Leonid
- Kravchuk was responsible for stamping out all traces of
- nationalism. But two weeks ago, after deftly shedding his party
- past, Kravchuk, 57, rode a wave of nationalist sentiment to
- election as President of an independent Ukraine, the most
- powerful of the republics after Russia. Then he went one step
- further, joining Russia and Belorussia with a plan to form a
- loosely knit commonwealth.
- </p>
- <p> The move marked the culmination of a stunning political
- metamorphosis. After August's aborted coup, Kravchuk, then
- chairman of the Ukrainian parliament, straddled the fence,
- neither endorsing nor categorically condemning the coup leaders
- until failure was no longer in doubt. In quick succession, he
- resigned from the Communist Party and anointed himself the main
- champion of statehood. His 11th-hour conversion coincided with
- the political awakening of a majority of the republic's 53
- million citizens.
- </p>
- <p> Born to peasants in western Ukraine, he earned the
- equivalent of a master's degree in political economy at Kiev
- University, then embarked on a career as a party apparatchik,
- rising to head the propaganda department of the Ukrainian
- Communist Party. Authoritarian by nature, he has the acumen
- necessary to secure a powerful position alongside Yeltsin. To
- those who question his sincerity, Kravchuk responds, "A man
- cannot keep the same views all his life." All people undergo
- changes, he argues. His just happened to come all at once.
- </p>
- <p> Stanislav who? Even Sovietologists had to scramble last
- week to gather information about Stanislav Shushkevich, the
- distant third member of the commonwealth troika.
- </p>
- <p> Although he is a burly man, he seemed to shrink a bit last
- week as he posed for pictures beside his charismatic
- commonwealth partners. While the more publicity-wise Yeltsin and
- Kravchuk stared straight ahead, Shushkevich, 57, bowed his head,
- his hands clasped humbly in front of him. Technically he and
- the other two are equals, but there seems little doubt that he
- will exercise the least influence.
- </p>
- <p> Of the three, only Shushkevich was not a professional
- party apparatchik. The son of a poet, he won a doctorate in
- physics and math, then served as deputy rector for science at
- Lenin State University in Minsk. He was long a party member, but
- did not turn to politics until after the 1986 Chernobyl
- disaster, when he joined a campaign to expose official attempts
- to cover up the damage. His reputation as an outspoken critic
- earned him a seat in 1990 in the Belorussian supreme soviet,
- where he was elected chairman last September.
- </p>
- <p> Shushkevich did not leave the party until after the August
- coup attempt, and he has steered clear of identification with
- any faction. He has also repeatedly stressed that his republic
- is unlikely to lead the charge for radical economic or
- political change. With Belorussia's independence just four
- months old, Shushkevich's primary concern seems to be to thwart
- backsliding, while not winding up isolated.
- </p>
- <p> Only one man could bring the four predominantly Muslim
- republics of Central Asia into the commonwealth: Kazakh
- President Nursultan Nazarbayev. But he is not likely to be
- bought easily. Irritated that he had not been consulted by the
- three Slavic republics, he initially sided with Mikhail
- Gorbachev, arguing that the President "has not yet exhausted his
- possibilities." By week's end he agreed to join the commonwealth--provided that Kazakhstan would be recognized as a co-founder.
- </p>
- <p> As head of the sole Central Asian republic outfitted with
- nuclear weapons, only Nazarbayev can quell Western qualms about
- a divided weapons arsenal. And only Nazarbayev can lay to rest
- Muslim fears of Slavic dominance. Short, stocky and
- sophisticated, Nazarbayev, 51, came to international prominence
- during the August coup when he steered a level-headed course
- between renouncing the reactionaries and warning Yeltsin against
- politically explosive attempts to rearrange borders. He was
- tapped after the coup to introduce the notion of a state council
- comprising Gorbachev and the republic leaders.
- </p>
- <p> Born into a family of mountain shepherds, Nazarbayev
- joined the Communist Party at 22 and went on to become an
- engineer. He eventually landed a Central Committee post as
- secretary for industry. In 1989 he was named his republic's
- party leader, and quit only after the coup attempt. While his
- political instincts remain cautious, his economic boldness may
- convince Westerners that he is a man with whom they can do
- business.
- </p>
-
- </body></article>
- </text>
-
-